Breeding and culture of livebearers

Abstract

Livebearers, including guppy, molly, platy, and swordtail, are ornamental fishes that give birth to live young. Originating from South America, they mature in 1–3 months and produce 10–100 fry per brood. Males have modified fins for reproduction, while females give birth at regular intervals. Culture involves small tanks or backyard systems, with fry fed natural or artificial feeds. Hardy and non-aggressive, livebearers are popular beginner’s fish. Their ease of breeding and colorful strains provide opportunities for small-scale aquaculture and hobbyist markets.