Breeding and culture of angel fish

Abstract

Angelfish (Pterophyllum spp.) are among the most beautiful tropical fish, native to the Amazon Basin in South America. They are egg-depositors producing 500–1,000 eggs per spawning and reach sexual maturity in 6–12 months. Culture involves paired breeding, egg attachment to substrates, and rearing fry with Artemia before transfer to grow-out tanks. They thrive in soft, slightly acidic, warm water and are voracious feeders. Angelfish varieties have been developed through genetic enhancement and environmental influences, making them valuable in ornamental aquaculture.