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Item Metadata only Development and application of the fisheries vulnerability assessment tool (Fish Vool) to tuna and sardine sectors in the PhilippinesJacinto, Melchor R.; Songcuan, Al Jayson G.; Yip, Graceous Von; Santos, Mudjekeewis (Elsevier, 2015-01)Climate change studies in the Philippines are emerging fast, focusing on different fields of sciences. However, studies that address the fisheries sector remain insufficient. Here, we described a sector-based fisheries vulnerability assessment tool (Fish Vool) to evaluate the vulnerability of primary fishery commodities. Tool demonstration and validation were conducted in General Santos and Zamboanga City, which are the primary producers of tuna and sardine, respectively. Fish Vool revealed an overall medium vulnerability (low exposure, medium sensitivity, and low adaptive capacity) for both sectors. The vulnerability assessment of the tuna and sardine sectors emphasizes the potential of Fish Vool to assess climate change vulnerability for primary commodities and other fishery sectors.Item Open Access Induced spawning of giant trevally, Caranx ignobilis (Forsskål, 1775) using human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and luteinising hormonereleasing hormone analogue (LHRHa)Mutia, Maria Theresa Mercene; Muyot, Frederick Buensalida; Magistrado, Myleen Luna; Muyot, Myla Celemen; Baral, Janet Lucito (Asian Fisheries Society, 2020-06-30)The giant trevally, Caranx ignobilis (Forsskål, 1775) was induced spawned at the National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Taal, Batangas, Philippines to assess the possibility of captive breeding. Caranx ignobilis captive broodstock, six to eight-year-old (4.83 kg mean wt) were injected with: (a) 1,000 IU human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG).kg-1; (b) 100 μg luteinising hormone-releasing hormone analogue (LHRHa).kg-1; (c) 5 mg carp pituitary extract (CPE).kg-1; and (d) No injection (Control). Ripe female fish was given two sequence intramuscular injections at 0600 to 0700 h and 1800 to 1900 h while male fish was given half dose injection at 1800 to 1900 h. One breeding set (1 female: 2 males) were released to spawn spontaneously in each of the four units of 40-ton circular tanks, done in five replications. Successful spawning was achieved in LHRHa- and hCG-injected fish at 28–30 g.L-1 salinity and 27.6–29.25 °C in March to April of 2011 and 2012. Spawning occurred 24–52 h after 2nd injection and eggs hatched in 11–17 h. Fertilisation rate was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in LHRHa treatment (60.88 %) than hCG treatment (30.53 %). Mean spawned eggs, hatching rate and mean larvae produced were not statistically different (P > 0.05) between hCG (223,068 eggs.kg-1 breeder, 43.06 % and 41,547 larvae.kg-1 breeder, respectively) and LHRHa treatment (176,524 eggs.kg-1 breeder, 71.07 % and 56,040 larvae.kg-1 breeder, respectively). This is the first recorded captive breeding of C. ignobilis in the Philippines and an initial step towards developing the seed production technology for this new aquaculture species.Item Open Access New species of redbait from the Philippines (Teleostei, Emmelichthyidae, Emmelichthys)Girard, Matthew; Santos, Mudjekeewis; Bemis, Katherine (Pensoft Publishers, 2024-03-22)We describe a new species of redbait in the genus Emmelichthys collected from fish markets on Panay and Cebu islands in the Visayas region of the Philippines. The species is externally similar to E. struhsakeri but is diagnosable by two prominent fleshy papillae associated with the cleithrum and fewer pectoral-fin rays (18–19 vs. 19–21) and gill rakers (30–33 vs. 34–41). Additionally, mitochondrial DNA differentiates this taxon from other species of Emmelichthys. We generate mitochondrial genomes for two of the three type specimens and several other emmelichthyids to place the new taxon in a phylogenetic context. Analysis of the protein-coding mitochondrial loci calls into question the monophyly of two emmelichthyid genera (Emmelichthys and Erythrocles) and highlights the need for subsequent analyses targeting the intrarelationships of the Emmelichthyidae.Item Open Access Hidden diversity in sardines: Genetic and morphological evidence for cryptic species in the goldstripe sardinella, Sardinella gibbosa (Bleeker, 1849)Thomas, Rey C.; Willette, Demian; Carpenter, Kent; Santos, Mudjekeewis (Public Library of Science, 2014-01-08)Cryptic species continue to be uncovered in many fish taxa, posing challenges for fisheries conservation and management. In Sardinella gibbosa, previous investigations revealed subtle intra-species variations, resulting in numerous synonyms and a controversial taxonomy for this sardine. Here, we tested for cryptic diversity within S. gibbosa using genetic data from two mitochondrial and one nuclear gene regions of 248 individuals of S. gibbosa, collected from eight locations across the Philippine archipelago. Deep genetic divergence and subsequent clustering was consistent across both mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Clade distribution is geographically limited: Clade 1 is widely distributed in the central Philippines, while Clade 2 is limited to the northernmost sampling site. In addition, morphometric analyses revealed a unique head shape that characterized each genetic clade. Hence, both genetic and morphological evidence strongly suggests a hidden diversity within this common and commercially-important sardine.Item Metadata only Description of a new species of the genus Acropoma (Acropomatidae) from the Arafura Sea with a redescription of Acropoma leobergi Prokofiev 2018 and the first record of Acropoma boholensis Yamanoue and Matsuura 2002 from the South China SeaMakoto, Okamoto; Williams, Jeffrey T.; Carpenter, Kent; Santos, Mudjekeewis; Kimura, Seishi (Springer, 2020-01)A new species of the genus Acropoma, A. arafurensis sp. nov., is described based on two specimens (57.3–76.2 mm standard length: SL) collected from the Arafura Sea. The present species is distinguished from other congeners by a combination of the following characters: luminous gland U-shaped extending from throat to posterior tip of pectoral fin; luminous-gland length 29.5–32.0% SL; symphysis of lower jaw not sharply protruded; proximal radial of first anal-fin pterygiophore with concavity on anterior surface; anus situated closer to pelvic-fin insertion than to origin of anal fin; cycloid scales on lateral side of posterior half of body; vertical line on cheek absent; scales between first dorsal-fin base and lateral line 4; pectoral-fin rays 15; and gill rakers 20–21. Acropoma leobergi is redescribed based on 60 specimens (38.6–143.5 mm SL) from Taiwan, Philippines, and northern and west coast of Australia. Additionally, two specimens (94.9–103.1 mm SL) of A. boholensis collected from Luzon, Philippines, represent the first record of this species from the South China Sea.